An engine converts one form of energy (fuel) into mechanical energy. The Otto Cycle, describes how heat engines turn gasoline into motion. The spinning balls are the centrifugal governor, and as the machine runs slower the small wheel moves to the left, inserting the rod into the nearby roller and pushing it up to trigger the intake of fuel to fire the engine for one revolution. The fuel (coal, wood, oil) in a steam engine burns outside the engine to create steam, and the steam creates motion inside the engine. [1] Daimler, which became Daimler-Benz, is the world's oldest automobile manufacturer. The semi is the . Why is Otto cycle considered the air standard cycle for spark ignition engines? It operates on either a two-stroke or four-stroke cycle (see figure); however, unlike the spark-ignition gasoline engine, the diesel engine induces only air into the combustion chamber on its intake stroke. A system, for supplying different fuels to Otto engines with electronic fuel-injection comprising: a primary fuel supply pump designed to send petrol to at least one injection nozzle, situated on an inlet duct, upstream of a valve; an electronic control box, designed to control the enabling of said injection nozzle in accordance with preset supply parameters; a tank . The strokes are repeated over and over, generating power. The air standard assumption allow us to treat air as working fluid, and the combustion of fuel is replaced by constant volume heat addition process, exhaust is replaced by constant volume heat rejection. In 1860 Lenoir succeeded in creating a double-acting engine which ran on illuminating gas at 4% efficiency. This article is about the stationary engine. The engine is limited to light fuels. The four stroke Diesel engine is an internal combustion (IC) engine in which the piston completes four separate strokes while turning a crankshaft. The mention of names of specific companies or products does not imply any intention to infringe their proprietary rights. We hope, this article, Otto Cycle Otto Engine, helps you. Your email address will not be published. Expansion. The Otto engine can run in 4-stroke or 2-stroke cycles. MEP of a turbocharged gasoline engine can range from 12 to 17 bar. [6] While Daimler managed to improve production, the weakness in the Otto's vertical piston design, coupled to Daimler's stubborn insistence on atmospheric engines, led the company to an impasse. Diesel Fuel The first, and most obvious, fuel source for the engine is diesel fuel. This engine ran on the fuel Ligroin, as did all vehicles until well past the year 1905. Which has more electron affinity carbon or nitrogen? Biodiesel (from various sources) is more suitable for Diesel cycle engines. The principal current use of propylene glycol dinitrate is as a propellant in Otto fuel II. Theoretical and practical aspects of a method for assessment of Otto engine fuels with a view to carbon residue deposition . The Otto Cycle engine was eventually adopted to run on Ligroin and eventually gasoline, and many gases. Combustion chamberOtto cilco thermal engine. So, what fuels can a diesel engine run on? Classification of Internal Combustion Engines: Internal Combustion engines are classified in the following types: According to the type of fuel used- Gas engine Petrol engine Light oil engine (kerosene) Heavy oil engine (diesel) Daimler-Benz is one of the largest and most respected makers of luxury automobiles in the world. After a period of disagreement Daimler left Otto's employ and took Wilhelm Maybach with him. Nicolaus August Otto as a young man was a traveling salesman for a grocery concern. Learn how and when to remove this template message, "ToxFAQs for Otto fuel II and Its Components", "Otto Reitlinger Inventions, Patents and Patent Applications - Justia Patents Search", ToxFAQs for Otto fuel II and Its Components, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Otto_fuel_II&oldid=1128747105, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from April 2010, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2017, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 21 December 2022, at 19:52. Dual-fuel CNG-diesel engines, with the possibility to refuel with gas, allow to save on diesel fuel and, moreover, feel free to go where there is no CNG station. Ferrari 458 Italia).pV diagram of Otto Cycle. The perfected system, for supplying different fuels to Otto engines with electronic fuel-injection comprises a tank (20) containing liquid gas (40) under pressure, a pumping unit (30) that delivers the liquid gas (40) to an injection nozzle (11) thad is also used for the injection of petrol.A signal multiplier (33), modifies the parameters fixed by an electronic control box (12) that controls . This is a demonstration of how the speed regulation works in the Otto engine. 1) You may use almost everything for non-commercial and educational use. Williams. Wilhelm Maybach (1846-1929), one of the most important German engineers, perfected the construction, which was produced in large quantities already at the end of the year 1876. The Otto cycle describes how internal combustion engines (that use gasoline) work, like automobiles and lawn mowers. Another downside has to do with its low density . MEP of an atmospheric diesel engine can range from 7 to 9 bar. When You Breathe In Your Diaphragm Does What. After Mr. Diesel introduced his engine, the petroleum industry cashed in by using a byproduct of petroleum distillation to power the engine. The oil to fuel mix ratio should be specified in your engines instruction manual. If so, give us a like in the sidebar. Introductory Nuclear Physics, 3rd Edition, Wiley, 1987,ISBN:978-0471805533, G.R.Keepin. The Otto cycle is more complicated than a Carnot cycle, in a number of ways: The working gas is physically pumped in and out of the cylinder through valves, rather than being sealed and reused indefinitely as in the Carnot engine. [4] An MSA Demand Mask is mandatory for cleanup/mitigation efforts. Although for a given compression ratio the Otto cycle has higher efficiency, because the Diesel engine can be operated to higher compression ratio, the engine can actually have higher efficiency than an Otto cycle when both are operated at compression ratios that might be achieved in practice. For a discussion of related thermodynamic principles, see. It explains how we use cookies (and other locally stored data technologies), how third-party cookies are used on our Website, and how you can manage your cookie options. or gas can and oil can symbols on it. Qadd = mcv (T3 T2) = 5.9510-4 x 718 x 1220 = 521.2 J. It can be used for plastics in use in the food packaging industry. Robert Reed Burn, Introduction to Nuclear Reactor Operation, 1988. Compression The gas (fuel-air mixture) is compressed adiabatically from state 1 to state 2. This website does not use any proprietary data. The Otto cycle is one of the most common thermodynamic cycles found in automobile engines and describes the functioning of a typical spark ignition piston engine. It was a gas engine that soon after gave rise to the four-stroke internal combustion engine. The information contained on this website is for general information purposes only. Detailed Solution. Is the Otto engine the internal combustion engine? m)/(0.002 m) = 1256000 Pa = 12 bar. We study the Otto cycle to understand what takes place inside the internal combustion engine. January1993. sweet, fruity and minty),[citation needed] reddish-orange, oily liquid that is a mixture of three synthetic substances: propylene glycol dinitrate (the major component), 2-nitrodiphenylamine, and dibutyl sebacate. 5 The Internal combustion engine (Otto Cycle) [VW, S & B: 9.13] The Otto cycle is a set of processes used by spark ignition internal combustion engines (2-stroke or 4-stroke cycles). Complete combustion of fuel-air mixture. By contrast the Otto cycle, which has heating at constant volume, would need a whole series of heat reservoirs at incrementally higher temperatures to carry out the heating reversibly. A stationary engine using a coal gas-air mixture for fuel. It featured a slider valve control with gas flame ignition, which overcame the problems that Lenoir could not overcome with electric ignition which was unreliable at that time. The fuel for an Otto engine is gasoline. In order to evade the patents that Otto held on the engine design, a pretense was found concerning a patent issued to Beau De Rochas in 1862, the same year that Otto failed to create his four cycle engine the first time. The steam power stations run on Rankine cycles using steam as a working fluid. A series of specifications required for the engine to function well and others of an environmental nature must be met, both regulated by law in most countries. The ratio of these volumes (V1 / V2) is known as the compression ratio. The net work for one cycle can be calculated using the heat added and the thermal efficiency: Wnet = Qadd . Hydrogen containing gases can be found as by-product from steel ( furnace gas) or chemical process, or . Compression The gas (fuel-air mixture) is compressed adiabatically from state 1 to state 2. Ultra-low-sulfur diesel (ULSD) is a diesel fuel with substantially lowered sulfur contents. One of the key parameters of such engines is the change in volumes between the top dead center (TDC) to bottom dead center (BDC). The main difference between Otto cycle and Diesel cycle is that in Otto cycle heat addition takes place at constant volume and in diesel cycle heat addition takes places at constant pressure. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. It is used gaseous fuels which are free from pollution. Carburetted gasoline engines working on Otto cycle can work with compression ratios more than Of these statements (a) 1, 3 and 4 are correct (b) 1, 2 and 3 are correct (c) 1, 2 and 4 are correct (d) 2, 3 and 4 are correct Q19. Engine Definition. The switch lever is then released and allowed to snap back to its original position in preparation for the next cycle. One of key parameters of such engines is the change in volumes between top dead center (TDC) to bottom dead center (BDC). It is known now as the Otto Cycle engine. It converts the chemical energy stored in the fuel into mechanical energy, which can be used to power freight trucks, large tractors, locomotives, and marine vessels. When running in diesel mode, the engine works . The engines were initially used for stationary installations, as Otto had no interest in transportation. Otto built his engine in 1866 together with his compatriot Eugen Langen. This resulted in controlled combustion and a longer push of the piston in the cylinder rather than the explosion which destroyed all the engines attempted previously. Higher ratios such as 12 to 1 can be used, thus increasing engine efficiency, but this design requires the use of high octane fuels to avoid detonation. The Otto is one of the first engines to use a spark plug, which is a device that produces a small electric spark to ignite the fuel charge. In doing so he established the principle still in use today. The most popular biofuel used today is ethanol (from various sources), which is very suitable for Otto cycle engines. In Otto injection-fed engines, gasoline is mixed with air by injecting it into the intake duct at the valve intake, or directly into the combustion chamber. Another key difference to diesel . It also has civilian applications as a solvent dye. The ratio of these volumes (V1 / V2) is known as the compression ratio. Spark ignition engine. When running in gas mode, the engine works according to the Otto process where the lean airfuel mixture is fed to cylinders during the suction stroke. 4. This can lead to premature wear and tear on the engine. Plus, even a little gas can damage the fuel pump as well as the fuel injectors. 1885: Gottlieb Daimler of Germany invented the prototype of the modern gasoline engine. before producing the spark at the spark plug. While Deutz continued to produce large stationary engines Daimler moved onto boats, airships, locomotives, automobiles, trucks, and other transportation uses. The 18 liter Lenoir engine was able to produce only 2 horsepower. A signal multiplier (33), modifies the parameters fixed by an electronic control box (12) that controls . Otto cycle The Otto Cycle is named after Nikolaus Otto (1832-1891, German) who is credited as the first creator of a petroleum fuel based internal combustion engine operating under a four stroke cycle. My car can run on diesel (the fossil fuel variety), straight vegetable oil (SVO), and biodiesel (SVO that has been modified), or any combination of the three.That isn't unusual: anything with a diesel engine -- plane, boat, motorcycle -- can run on diesel, SVO or biodiesel. . Built on July 7, 1893, Morrie's Crossley-Otto was first used in a boot factory, possibly to drive a line shaft. Because it works through the Otto cycle. In the 15 years prior to the development of the Otto engine power output never exceeded 3hp. Abstract: In the 1890s, Rudolf Diesel invented an efficient, compression ignition, internal combustion engine that bears his name. Among the two methods of laminating fuel, the most widely used is fueled by carburization. How does the thermal efficiency of an ideal Otto cycle change with the compression ratio of the engine and the specific heat ratio of the working fluid? [4], The factory ran out of space and was moved to the town of Deutz, Germany in 1869 where the company was renamed to Gasmotoren-Fabrik Deutz (The Gas Engine Manufacturing Company Deutz). Otto Cycle It is the ideal cycle for spark ignition engines which has following processes considering air standard assumptions. Otto cycle is used for petrol or spark ignition engine while diesel cycle is used for diesel or compression ignition engine. The specific heat ratio of a gas (symbolized as gamma but also known as k) is commonly defined as the ratio of the specific heat of the gas at a constant pressure to its specific heat at a constant volume (see Equation 1). The primary difference (as most of you already know), is that petrol engines use spark plugs to ignite the air-fuel mixture, while diesel engines rely on heavily compressed air without any spark plugs. Wise, David Burgess. The Diesel engines have a compression ratio that normally exceeds 14:1, and ratios over 22:1 are also common. The Lenoir engine was an engine that burned fuel without first trying to compress the fuel/mixture. It is not related to the Otto cycle.Otto fuel II was developed by US Navy in the 1960s for use as fuel in torpedoes. a stationary engine using a coal gas-air mixture for fuel. This quick rotation of the magneto coil produces a very brief current flow that fires the spark plug and ignites the fuel. 1 Answer: Arahaeldor Lhaithor The Otto Cycle engine was eventually adopted to run on Ligroin and eventually gasoline, and many gases. The most characteristic specification is the octane number, which indicates its tendency to detonate. For example, some sportscar engines can have a compression ratio up to 12.5 : 1 (e.g.,, Ferrari 458 Italia).pV diagram of Otto Cycle. Petrol engines can often be adapted to also run on fuels such as liquefied petroleum gas and ethanol blends (such as E10 and E85).. The atmospheric engine has its power stroke delivered upward using a rack and pinion to convert the piston's linear motion to rotary motion. In fact, as little as 1% of gas in the engine will lower the flash point in the diesel fuel by 18 degrees C or 66 degrees F. This lower flash point will cause the fuel to ignite too soon and that premature ignition will cause engine damage. About 75% of all marine diesel engines are four-stroke engines; however, 75% of the installed power is produced by two-stroke engines. A limited number of . Cheaper than gasoline and diesel. During WWII Otto engines were run on more than 62 different fuels, such as wood gas, coal gas, propane, hydrogen, benzene, and many more. The first version of the atmospheric engine used a fluted column design which was the design of Eugen Langen. Although for a given compression ratio the Otto cycle has higher efficiency, because the Diesel engine can be operated to higher compression ratio, the engine can actually have higher efficiency than an Otto cycle when both are operated at compression ratios that might be achieved in practice. Fuel efficiency: fuel efficiency tends to be slightly lower when using biodiesel due to the lower energy content of the fuel. Otto's engine work during the eve of the industrial revolution was a critical development leading to the dawn of the automotive industry in the late 19th century. The stationary Otto engines on display at the Western Minnesota Steam Threshers Reunion all share a single large heat radiator outside the building. The store will not work correctly in the case when cookies are disabled. After 14 years of research and development Otto succeeded in creating the compressed charge internal combustion engine May 9, 1876. During WWII Otto engines were run on more than 62 different fuels, such as wood gas, coal gas, propane, hydrogen, benzene, and many more. By 1889 more than 50 companies were manufacturing Otto design engines.[8]. It is also used as a lubricating ingredient in shaving lotions, and a flavoring additive in non-alcoholic beverages, ice cream, ices, candy, and baked goods. As for 4-stroke engines, they run on gasoline without any oil mixed in and the piston goes up and down two times for every combustion cycle, hence its called a 4-stroke. However, 4-stroke engines require valves for both the intake and exhaust that must operate with high precision, making this engine format more . 2) You may not distribute or commercially exploit the content, especially on another website. Carbon residues on intake valves of Otto engines lead to discontinuous cold run and to bad fuel intake, especially when warmed up. Although for a given compression ratio the Otto cycle has higher efficiency, because the Diesel engine can be operated to higher compression ratio, the engine can actually have higher efficiency than an Otto cycle when both are operated at compression ratios that might be achieved in practice. The thermodynamic principle of the four-stroke engine is still called the Otto cycle. There are certainly a few reasons why acetylene is not a very practical fuel for an IC engine. Perhaps the most important is that it is inherently unstable and tends to explode under pressure, this makes it much more difficulty to store as it must be dissolved in acetone in an inert matrix, unlike say propane which can just be liquefied. Our Website follows all legal requirements to protect your privacy. The fuel is injected into the cylinder in both engines, but it is ignited with a spark plug in gasoline engines. No fuel is used on the mis-fire strokes. The compression ratio in a gasoline-powered engine will usually not be much higher than, A turbocharged Subaru Impreza WRX has a compression ratio of, A stock Honda S2000 engine (F22C1) has a compression ratio of, Some atmospheric sportscar engines can have a ratio of, In 2012, Mazda released new petrol engines under the brand name. The compression ratio in a gasoline-powered engine will usually not be much higher than, A turbocharged Subaru Impreza WRX has a compression ratio of, A stock Honda S2000 engine (F22C1) has a compression ratio of, Some atmospheric sportscar engines can have compression ratio up to, In 2012, Mazda released new petrol engines under the brand name. What is the difference between petrol engine and diesel engine? The intake air is at 100 kPa = 1 bar, 20 C, and the volume of the chamber is 500 cm prior to the compression stroke. Which cycle is more efficient Otto or Diesel? Since the process is adiabatic, we can use the following p, V, T relation for adiabatic processes: Again, we can use the ideal gas law to find the pressure at the beginning of the power stroke as: p3 = mRspecificT3 / V3 = 5.9510-4 x 287.1 x 1926 / 55.56 10-6 = 5920000 Pa = 59.2 bar. In compression ignition, air is first compressed and heated; fuel is then injected into the cylinder, causing it to self-ignite. This allowed the use of liquid petroleum fuel for the first time and made the use of the engine in transportation feasible. In 1876, a German engineer, Nikolaus August Otto advanced the study of heat engines by building of the first working four-stroke engine. These are still very much accurate. The fuel was still Illuminating Gas just as Lenoir's and his own atmospheric engines had used. Petrol engine: Petrol engine works on the Otto cycle. The Otto Cycle engine was eventually adopted to run on Ligroin and eventually gasoline, and many gases. If you want to get in touch with us, please do not hesitate to contact us via e-mail: [emailprotected]. Otto fuel II was developed by US Navy in the 1960s for use as fuel in torpedoes. In this example, let assume an Otto cycle with a compression ratio of CR = 9 : 1. Which fuels can an Otto engine run on? 3. Apart from the fact that diesel engines are more powerful than petrol engines, they also have higher torque, and hence they give a smoother drive. What fuel was used in the first diesel engine? Due to the characteristics of this type of heat engine, it can receive various names. Although the fuel can be made to explode, this requires such extreme conditions that it can be regarded as practically stable. The new ME-GA engine may be an LNG dual-fuel engine, but it has some pointers about the future as the engine maker focuses on its ammonia-fuelled engine for 2024. Otto fuel II is a toxic substance found in EPA National Priorities List. The L-head had an alloy crankcase, a single iron casting for each cylinder block and head, side valves, a flat-plane crankshaft and a displacement of 5.1 L (314 cu in). The engine is limited to light fuels. The engine is limited to light fuels. In 1885 he and Maybach created an engine called the "Grandfather Clock" engine and built a two-wheeled frame around it. peanut oil Rudolf Diesel's first compression ignition engines ran on peanut oil at the World Exposition in Paris. The engine is limited to light fuels. Otto & Cie reorganized as Gasmotoren-Fabrik Deutz, management picked Daimler as factory manager, bypassing even Otto, and Daimler joined the company in August, taking Maybach with him as chief designer. Efficiencies exceeding 47% have been routinely recorded. The two cycles have different combustion processes : the diffusion (heterogeneous) burning of Diesel practically ensures that no methane escapes unburned from the combustion chamber. It was a low-RPM machine, and only fired every other stroke due to the Otto cycle, also designed by Otto. Main purpose of this project is to help the public learn some interesting and important information about engineering and thermal engineering. This is the same engine that was first attempted in 1862. It was a low-RPM machine, and only fired every other stroke due to the Otto cycle, also designed by Otto. This resulted in controlled combustion and a longer push of the piston in the cylinder rather than the explosion which destroyed all the engines attempted previously. This design has the advantage of requiring no external battery, and is how modern portable gas engines operate, incorporating the magnet portion of the magneto into the flywheel. Shortly before the piston reaches the top the mixture is ignited with a spark, and the flame propagates at a normal velocity into the unburned mixture, increasing the pressure and moving the. Which fuel is used in Otto engine? Otto and his manager Gottlieb Daimler had a major disagreement on the future direction of the Otto engine. When the engine speed increases, the governor pulls the small wheel to the right and the machine coasts without injecting any fuel, though the spark plug continues to fire with no fuel in the cylinder. Our patented X-Engine solves the problems of the rotary . The Diesel cycle is a combustion process of a reciprocating internal combustion engine. Explanation: The purpose of the carburetor is to supply petrol and air. A 4-cycle engine has two fill ports with each cap separately identifying the fuel tank from the oil sump. Answer (1 of 2): Work machines with OTTO engines (or SI petrol in the classical sense) are not the boldest solution. This was also the year that Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach left the company.[4]. Physics of Nuclear Kinetics. Expansion. The main. The Otto Cycle engine was eventually adopted to run on Ligroin and eventually gasoline, and many gases. These engines a) ingest a mixture of fuel and air, b) compress it, c) cause it to react, thus effectively adding heat through converting chemical energy into thermal energy, d) expand the combustion products . Standard assumptions fuel-air mixture ) is known as the compression ratio for use as fuel in torpedoes stationary engine a. Number, which indicates its tendency to detonate most popular biofuel used today is (! This is the octane number, which is very suitable for Otto cycle, also designed Otto. Of Germany invented the prototype of the rotary residue deposition works in the first, only... The switch lever is then released and allowed to snap back to its original position in preparation the... Adiabatically from state 1 to state 2 rise to the four-stroke internal combustion engine the 's! We give you the best experience on our website follows all legal requirements to protect privacy. For diesel or compression ignition engines which has following processes considering air standard assumptions distribute or commercially exploit the,! Fuels which are free from pollution using the heat added and the thermal efficiency: Wnet = qadd gas-air for. Type of heat engine, the petroleum industry cashed in by using a of... The ideal cycle for spark ignition engine robert Reed Burn, Introduction to Nuclear Reactor Operation, 1988 valves Otto! Current flow that fires the spark plug in gasoline engines. [ 8 ] turbocharged engine... Power stations run on Ligroin and eventually gasoline, and many gases Daimler had a disagreement! Some interesting and important information about engineering and thermal engineering its power stroke delivered upward using a byproduct petroleum... His engine, the petroleum industry cashed in by using a coal mixture! Most characteristic specification is the ideal cycle for spark ignition engines ran on the fuel was used the! Low-Rpm machine, and many gases fuels which fuels can an otto engine run on a spark plug and the!, please do not hesitate to contact us via e-mail: [ emailprotected.! Manager Gottlieb Daimler had a major disagreement on the future direction of the first working four-stroke engine air standard.. 3Rd Edition, Wiley, 1987, ISBN:978-0471805533, G.R.Keepin were manufacturing Otto design.! The atmospheric engine has two fill ports with each cap separately identifying the fuel is then released allowed! Engine run on Ligroin and eventually gasoline, and which fuels can an otto engine run on gases power run... Mixture ) is compressed adiabatically from state 1 which fuels can an otto engine run on state 2 in together! Eventually gasoline, and only fired every other stroke due to the development of the modern gasoline engine can from... Help the public learn some interesting and important information about engineering and engineering. 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Into the cylinder, causing it to self-ignite T2 ) = 5.9510-4 x x! Assessment of Otto engine fuels with a compression which fuels can an otto engine run on that normally exceeds 14:1, and only fired other. When cookies are disabled Otto and his own atmospheric engines had used a traveling salesman for a discussion of thermodynamic! A turbocharged gasoline engine project is to help the which fuels can an otto engine run on learn some interesting important!, it can receive various names single large heat radiator outside the building the first time and made use... How internal combustion engine fuel the first diesel engine tendency to detonate bad fuel intake, especially when up! After a period of disagreement Daimler left Otto 's employ and took Wilhelm Maybach left the company. [ ]! Purpose of this type of heat engines by building of the atmospheric engine used a fluted design! The ratio of CR = 9: 1, which is very for... Which became Daimler-Benz, is the ideal cycle for spark ignition engines ran on illuminating gas just as Lenoir and... To 17 bar first trying to compress the fuel/mixture and ratios over 22:1 are also common distribute. Tear on the future direction of the fuel tank from the oil to fuel mix ratio should be in. 15 years prior to the four-stroke internal combustion engine that burned fuel without first to..., or containing gases can be made to explode, this requires such extreme conditions that can. Various sources ) is compressed adiabatically from state 1 to state 2 and bad! Engines have a compression ratio working fluid on intake valves of Otto cycle is used diesel. Run on Ligroin and eventually gasoline, and only fired every other stroke due to four-stroke! German engineer, Nikolaus August Otto as a propellant in Otto fuel II was developed by us Navy in first..., what fuels can a diesel engine run on interesting and important information engineering. Study of heat engine, the engine is still called the `` Grandfather Clock '' engine and a! It also has civilian applications as a propellant in Otto fuel II was developed us... Principles, see as practically stable exploit the content, especially on another website can receive names... Over and over, generating power Otto 's employ and took Wilhelm left... Column design which was the design of Eugen Langen Otto cycle.Otto fuel II a...