Cultural experiences in Uruguay include exploring the country's colonial heritage, as found in Colonia del Sacramento. [115] Its quay can handle 14-metre draught (46ft) vessels. [161] Freedom of speech and media are guaranteed by the constitution, with qualifications for inciting violence or "insulting the nation". [53], President Mujica backed Venezuela's bid to join Mercosur. Its capital and largest city is Montevideo. [145], Uruguay's capital has 12 synagogues, and a community of 20,000 Jews by 2011. [65], Located entirely within the southern temperate zone, Uruguay has a climate that is relatively mild and fairly uniform nationwide. The first Sanguinetti administration implemented economic reforms and consolidated democracy following the country's years under military rule.[32]. (2011). A quarter of the population is less than 15 years old and about a sixth are aged 60 and older. 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[73], The legislative power is constituted by the General Assembly, composed of two chambers: the Chamber of Representatives, consisting of 99 members representing the 19 departments, elected for a five-year term based on proportional representation; and the Chamber of Senators, consisting of 31 members, 30 of whom are elected for a five-year term by proportional representation and the vice-president, who presides over the chamber. [25] One of the most famous tangos, "La cumparsita" (1917), was written by the Uruguayan composer Gerardo Matos Rodrguez. WebUruguay, country located on the southeastern coast of South America. [115] The port of Nueva Palmira is a major regional merchandise transfer point and houses both private and government-run terminals. [44], In 1938, general elections were held and Terra's brother-in-law, General Alfredo Baldomir, was elected president. [25] Earlier settlers had migrated from Argentina. Uruguay no longer imports electricity. [36] It appeared that Montevideo would finally fall when an uprising against Rosas, led by Justo Jos de Urquiza, governor of Argentina's Entre Ros Province, began. [97] The Frente Amplio government, while continuing payments on Uruguay's external debt,[98] also undertook an emergency plan to attack the widespread problems of poverty and unemployment. [54] Vzquez stuck to economic orthodoxy. [12] Uruguay is the third-best country on the continent in terms of Human Development Index, GDP growth,[15] innovation, and infrastructure. The dramatic shift, taking less than ten years and without government funding, lowered electricity costs and slashed the country's carbon footprint. Very little is known about the people who built them as they left no written record, but evidence has been found of agriculture and domesticated dogs. [168] In the rankings for June 2012, Uruguay were ranked the second best team in the world, according to the FIFA world rankings, their highest ever point in football history, falling short of the first spot to the Spain national football team. [100], Between the years 2007 and 2009, Uruguay was the only country in the Americas that did not technically experience a recession (two consecutive downward quarters). [24] Until 1947, about 90% of the railroad system was British-owned. [155], Uruguayan culture is strongly European and its influences from southern Europe are particularly important. This page was last edited on 17 January 2023, at 17:27. [32] The CIA-backed campaign of political repression and state terror involving intelligence operations and assassination of opponents was called Operation Condor. Government forces emerged victorious, leading to the end of the co-participation politics that had begun in 1872. [145] Under the influence of the Colorado politician Jos Batlle y Ordez (19031911), complete separation of church and state was introduced with the new constitution of 1917. [73], The judicial arm is exercised by the Supreme Court, the Bench and Judges nationwide. Uruguay Members 102999 Congregations 143 Missions 2 Family History Centers [66] Summers are tempered by winds off the Atlantic, and severe cold in winter is unknown. [33] The Brazilian Empire became independent of Portugal in 1822. Covering an area of 176,000 sq.km, Uruguay is South America's 2nd smallest nation. [162] Consequently, Montevideo's newspapers, which account for all of Uruguay's principal daily newspapers, greatly expanded their circulations. [19][20] The name could also refer to a river snail called urugu (Pomella megastoma) that was plentiful across its shores. In 1806 and 1807, the British army attempted to seize Buenos Aires and Montevideo as part of the Napoleonic Wars. [32], Gabriel Terra became president in March 1931. Social spending was reduced and many state-owned companies were privatized. [164] Uruguay won gold at the 1924 Paris Olympic Games[165] and again in 1928 in Amsterdam. [101] Unemployment reached a record low of 5.4% in December 2010 before rising to 6.1% in January 2011. [53], Following the 2001 Argentine credit default, prices in the Uruguayan economy made a variety of services, including information technology and architectural expertise, once too expensive in many foreign markets, exportable. WebThe economy of Uruguay features an export-oriented agricultural sector and a well-educated workforce, along with high levels of social spending. The two countries disagree on which tributary represents the legitimate source of the Quara/Cuareim River, which would define the border in the latter disputed section, according to the 1851 border treaty between the two countries. [136] 50% of new legal residents come from Argentina and Brazil. [25] But still the difference is not big enough to consider a dry or wet season, periods of drought or excessive rain can occur anytime during the year. Montevideo is the southernmost capital city in the Americas and the chief port as well as the cultural, educational, commercial and financial center of Uruguay. The Administracin de Ferrocarriles del Estado is the autonomous agency in charge of rail transport and the maintenance of the railroad network. Spain's High Court has approved the extradition to Uruguay of a doctor accused of helping the military torture dissidents during the right-wing military dictatorship in the 1970s, the court said on Monday. [122] Most of the country's domestic freight and passenger service is by road rather than rail. Uruguayan food culture comes mostly from the European cuisine culture. More Home Reviews Videos Photos About See all We are missionaries for The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints in the Uruguay Montevideo West Mission July Their names and assignments are listed below. [42] Montevideo became a major economic center of the region and an entrept for goods from Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay. Uruguay (/jrwa/ (listen);[10] Spanish:[uuwaj] (listen)), officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay or the Eastern Republic of Uruguay (Spanish: Repblica Oriental del Uruguay), is a country in South America. [85] The ensuing dispute remained a subject of controversy into 2010, particularly after ongoing reports of increased water contamination in the area were later proven to be from sewage discharge from the town of Gualeguaych in Argentina. The 19th-century painter Juan Manuel Blanes, whose works depict historical events, was the first Uruguayan artist to gain widespread recognition. [121] Cargo trains would continue for loads more than 120 tons, but bus transportation became the "economic" alternative for travellers. Another spoken dialect was the Patois, which is an Occitan dialect. Uruguay covers an area of approximately 181,034 square kilometers (69,898sqmi) and has a population of an estimated 3.4million, of whom around 2 million live in the metropolitan area of its capital and largest city, Montevideo. [159] Popular bands of the Uruguayan Invasion sang in English. Besides football, the most popular sport in Uruguay is basketball. However, the economy did not improve and deteriorated after 1980, the GDP fell by 20% and unemployment rose to 17%. [92], In March 2020, Uruguay rejoined the Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance (TIAR or "Rio Pact"). [25], Uruguay's best-known contemporary writer is Eduardo Galeano, author of Las venas abiertas de Amrica Latina (1971; "Open Veins of Latin America") and the trilogy Memoria del fuego (198287; "Memory of Fire"). [73], Uruguay adopted its current constitution in 1967. [32] Uruguay's early 19th-century history was shaped by ongoing fights for dominance in the Platine region,[32] between British, Spanish, Portuguese and other colonial forces. It shares borders with Argentina to its west and southwest and Brazil to its north and northeast; while bordering the Ro de la Plata to the south and the Atlantic Ocean to the southeast. The small numbers of Uruguay's indigenous peoples and their fierce resistance to proselytism reduced the influence of the ecclesiastical authorities. [25] The psychological stories of Juan Carlos Onetti (such as "No Man's Land" and "The Shipyard") have earned widespread critical praise, as have the writings of Mario Benedetti. A 2008 survey by the INE of Uruguay showed Catholic Christianity as the main religion, with 45.7% 81.4%[141] of the population; 9.0% are non-Catholic Christians, 0.6% are Animists or Umbandists (an Afro-Brazilian religion), and 0.4% Jewish. Patois speakers arrived to Uruguay from the Piedmont. Seasonal variations are pronounced, but extremes in temperature are rare. Uruguay experienced a major economic and financial crisis between 1999 and 2002, principally a spillover effect from the economic problems of Argentina. A series of economic crises and the political repression against left-wing guerrilla activity in the late 1960s and early 1970s put an end to a democratic period that had begun in the early 20th century,[clarification needed] culminating in the 1973 coup d'tat, which established a civic-military dictatorship. Other typical desserts include the Pastafrola (a type of cake filled with quince jelly), Chaj (meringue, sponge cake, whipped cream and fruits, typically peaches and strawberries are added). [95], In 1991, the country experienced an increase in strikes to obtain wage compensation to offset inflation and to oppose the privatizations desired by the government of Luis Alberto Lacalle. [35] The political scene in Uruguay became split between two parties: the conservative Blancos (Whites) headed by the second President Manuel Oribe, representing the agricultural interests of the countryside; and the liberal Colorados (Reds) led by the first President Fructuoso Rivera, representing the business interests of Montevideo. [73] Uruguay is a unitary state: justice, education, health, security, foreign policy and defense are all administered nationwide. Its natural harbor soon developed into a commercial area competing with Ro de la Plata's capital, Buenos Aires. [25] His book Ariel (1900) deals with the need to maintain spiritual values while pursuing material and technical progress. President Jorge Pacheco declared a state of emergency in 1968, followed by a further suspension of civil liberties in 1972. [25] Notable amongst Latin American playwrights is Florencio Snchez (18751910), who wrote plays about contemporary social problems that are still performed today. Today it is considered a dead tongue, although some elders at the aforementioned location still practice it. [66][67] Although it never gets too cold, frosts occur every year during the winter months, and precipitation such as sleet and hail occur almost every winter, but snow is very rare; it does occur every couple of years at higher elevations, but almost always without accumulation. [33] Once the troops from Buenos Aires had withdrawn, the Banda Oriental appointed its first autonomous government. [23], In Spanish colonial times, and for some time thereafter, Uruguay and some neighboring territories were called Banda Oriental [del Uruguay] ("Eastern Bank [of the Uruguay River]"), then for a few years the "Eastern Province". [53] The United States and Uruguay have also cooperated on military matters, with both countries playing significant roles in the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti. Elder Eddy has degrees in communication and law from Brigham Young University. The Colorado effort to reduce Blancos to only three departments caused a Blanco uprising of 1897, which ended with the creation of 16 departments, of which the Blancos now had control over six. He has worked as an attorney and business executive. The period marked the culmination of a process aimed at a neoliberal reorientation of the country's economy: deindustrialization, pressure on wages, growth of informal work, etc. The Colorados favored the exiled Argentine liberal Unitarios, many of whom had taken refuge in Montevideo while the Blanco president Manuel Oribe was a close friend of the Argentine ruler Manuel de Rosas. Uruguay is bordered by two large neighbors, Brazil and Argentina. WebUruguay. [150] The language spoken there is Spanish. Both summer and winter weather may vary from day to day with the passing of storm fronts, where a hot northerly wind may occasionally be followed by a cold wind (pampero) from the Argentine Pampas.[25]. Their efforts proved ineffective and, by 1849, tired of the war, both withdrew after signing a treaty favorable to Rosas. Tourism and banking are also important sectors; Uruguay acts as a regional hub for international finance and tourism. [32], In 1813, the new government in Buenos Aires convened a constituent assembly where Artigas emerged as a champion of federalism, demanding political and economic autonomy for each area, and for the Banda Oriental in particular. [121] Passenger service was then discontinued in 1988. It is the second-smallest country in South America (after Suriname ). By mid-2015, the Uruguayan bands Rombai and Mrama of the emerging subgenres "cumbia cheta" and "cumbia pop[es]" enjoyed great success all over Latin America even before publishing their first albums; particularly in their home country and in Argentina, where in a given moment they had together nine songs at the Spotify Top Ten ranking. The mobile phone market is shared by the state-owned ANTEL and two private companies, Movistar and Claro. As a result, many Uruguayans do not equate their nationality with ethnicity, but with citizenship and their allegiance to Uruguay. [32] This led to the 500-day-long Cisplatine War. [53] Commercial ties between the two countries have expanded substantially in recent years, with the signing of a bilateral investment treaty in 2004 and a Trade and Investment Framework Agreement in January 2007. Uruguay extendi la emergencia agropecuaria hasta fines de abril y agreg ms rubros productivos La medida incluye prstamos blandos, aplazamientos de impuestos y rebaja en tarifas de servicios The state intervened by trying to bail out failing companies and banks. The Spanish founded Montevideo as a military stronghold in the early 18th century because of the competing claims over the region. A dense fluvial network covers the country, consisting of four river basins, or deltas: the Ro de la Plata Basin, the Uruguay River, the Laguna Mern and the Ro Negro. The Montevideo Gas Company and the Pluma airline were turned over to the private sector, but the pace of privatization slowed down in 1996. Typical dishes include: "Asado uruguayo" (big grill or barbecue of all types of meat), roasted lamb, Chivito (sandwich containing thin grilled beef, lettuce, tomatoes, fried egg, ham, olives and others, and served with French fries), Milanesa (a kind of fried breaded beef), tortellini, spaghetti, gnocchi, ravioli, rice and vegetables. [112], In 2013, 2.8million tourists entered Uruguay, of whom 59% came from Argentina and 14% from Brazil, with Chileans, Paraguayans, North Americans and Europeans accounting for most of the remainder.[112]. In 1994 and 1995, Uruguay faced economic difficulties caused by the liberalization of foreign trade, which increased the trade deficit. [12] Uruguay is regarded as one of the most socially progressive countries in Latin America. A 2010 Latinobarmetro poll found that, within Latin America, Uruguayans are among the most supportive of democracy and by far the most satisfied with the way democracy works in their country. WebUruguay le na pobe Atlantskho ocenu, v regionu Cono Sur. Montevideo is the southernmost capital city in the Americas, and the third most southerly in the world (only Canberra and Wellington are further south). [99], Uruguay's long tradition of freedom of the press was severely curtailed during the years of military dictatorship. Several lagoons are found along the Atlantic coast. To the southwest is the Ro de la Plata, the estuary of the Uruguay River (which river forms the country's western border). Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. [70] The southeast is considerably cooler than the rest of the country, especially during spring, when the ocean with cold water after the winter cools down the temperature of the air and brings more humidity to that region. The country experiences the four seasons, with summer being from December to March and winter from June to September. Understand The name Uruguay means river of the colorful birds. The country is known for its colonial-era historic districts in Colonia and Montevideo, popular beaches on the Atlantic Coast, and beef productiona former meat processing plant in Fray Bentos is a world heritage site. [46] The media were censored or banned, the trade union movement was destroyed and tons of books were burned after the banning of some writers' works. [45] The Admiral Graf Spee took refuge in Montevideo, claiming sanctuary in a neutral port, but was later ordered out.[45]. [25] There are also important communities of Japanese. [124] Namely, 17 destinations in Argentina[note 3]; 12 destinations in Brazil[note 5] and the capital cities of Chile and Paraguay. [131], Uruguayans are of predominantly European origin, with over 87.7% of the population claiming European descent in the 2011 census. The rest of the urban population lives in about 30 towns. [137], Metropolitan Montevideo is the only large city, with around 1.9million inhabitants, or more than half the country's total population. WebIn 1815, Portugal and Britain launched an offensive against Uruguay, and two years later they lower combination high blood pressure medications captured Montevideo and merged Uruguay into Brazil s territory. [66] According to the Kppen Climate Classification, most of the country has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa). Uruguay is divided into 19 departments whose local administrations replicate the division of the executive and legislative powers. The average annual temperature of the country is 17.5C (63.5F), ranging from 16C (61F) in the southeast to 19C (66F) in the northwest. [162], State-run radio and TV are operated by the official broadcasting service SODRE. [152], Uruguay is part of the One Laptop per Child project, and in 2009 became the first country in the world to provide a laptop for every primary school student,[154] as part of the Plan Ceibal. [111], In 2007, Uruguay had cattle herds totalling 12million head, making it the country with the highest number of cattle per capita at 3.8. [28], In 1831 Fructuoso Rivera, Uruguay's first president, organized the final strike of the Charrua genocide, eradicating the last remnants of the Uruguayan native population.[29]. [152] In the 2006 PISA test, Uruguay had one of the greatest standard deviations among schools, suggesting significant variability by socio-economic level. [52] Low commodity prices and economic difficulties in Uruguay's main export markets (starting in Brazil with the devaluation of the real, then in Argentina in 2002), caused a severe recession; the economy contracted by 11%, unemployment climbed to 21%, and the percentage of Uruguayans in poverty rose to over 30%. As commodity prices soared and the economy recovered from the recession, he tripled foreign investment, cut poverty and unemployment, cut public debt from 79% of GDP to 60%, and kept inflation steady. [25], Tango has also affected Uruguayan culture, especially during the 20th century, particularly the '30s and '40s with Uruguayan singers such as Julio Sosa from Las Piedras. [42] The economy reflected a steep upswing (if demonstrated graphically, above all other related economic determinants), in livestock raising and exports. [61] In 2020, he was succeeded by Luis Alberto Lacalle Pou, member of the conservative National Party, after 15 years of left-wing rule, as the 42nd President of Uruguay. [73] The Executive Power is exercised by the president and a cabinet of 13 ministers. Even though both temperature and precipitation are quite uniform nationwide, there are considerable differences across the territory. However, it is officially translated either as the "Oriental Republic of Uruguay"[24][25] or the "Eastern Republic of Uruguay". [25], Abstract painter and sculptor Carlos Pez Vilar was a prominent Uruguayan artist. He drew from both Timbuktu and Mykonos to create his best-known work: his home, hotel and atelier Casapueblo near Punta del Este. WebThe Directorates mission also includes determining priority sectors and projects and helping Argentine companies expand internationally and/or attract international investment. There were confrontations in which police and leftists died. Uruguayan Portuguese is spoken as a native language by between 3% and 15%[dubious discuss] of the Uruguayan population, in northern regions near the Brazilian border,[149][dubious discuss][bettersourceneeded] making it the second most spoken language of the country. 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