[152], Later, a new stratovolcano grew over the Soncor vent. [5], The new town of Talabre is 17 kilometres (11mi) west of Lascar. Colors of Iceland: Fire, Earth, Ice and Water, Lascar volcano (Northern Chile) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 14 December-20 December 2022 (New Activity / Unrest), Lascar volcano (Northern Chile) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 7 December-13 December 2022 (New Activity / Unrest), Latest earthquakes under Yellowstone volcano. [27] Given the low population density around many of these volcanoes, there is often little information on their activity. [27] They are constructed on a crust that is between 50 and 70 kilometres (31 and 43mi) thick. stratovulcano 5592 m / 18,346 ft. Northern Chile, -23.37S / -67.73W. The western edifice generated a complex of lava domes (stage II),[53] which was probably surrounded by a horseshoe-shaped crater open to the west. [110] There are temporal variations in the output: after a decrease in 2009, sulfur output increased in 2012, probably as a consequence of the arrival of new magma at depth. Volcanoes at Plate Boundaries - Geology 101 for Lehman College (CUNY) Skip to content Toggle Menu Primary Navigation Home Read Sign in Search in book:Search Book Contents Navigation Contents I. Match. [250], Temperatures in the surrounding region range between 25 and 40C (13 and 104F). [137] This edifice is the currently active one, with the deepest of its three summit craters being active. Sept. 9, 2022. [74], Lascar rocks consist of andesite and dacite. [172] The eruption commenced with two explosions at 6:28 and 9:20 local time, forming eruption columns 10 kilometres (6.2mi) high. [172] Other flows occurred at 12:05, after 13:37, 17:25, 21:3521:48, 23:4023:50 and on 20 April at 9:20. [164] This eruption was the most significant of the previous two decades,[163] having a VEI of 3. [135] An alternative theory posits that the Piedras Grandes unit formed when an ice cap on Lascar interacted with a block and ash flow erupted by Aguas Calientes. A volcano in the Andes in Chile's north rumbled to life on Saturday, triggering minor earth tremors and sending a plume of smoke and ash thousands of metres into the sky.. Chile's National Geology and Mining Service reported that the Lascar volcano stirred at 12.36pm. [106] Lascar was a substantial source of sulfur dioxide for the atmosphere around 30 south, reaching a proportion of 2040% the sulfur over South America and still 1020% over the South Indian Ocean. [191] Flow surfaces display pronounced fractures with a V profile,[192] which developed a year after the eruption. [132], Lava flows less than 50 metres (160ft) thick issued from the stage I cone and reached lengths of 16 kilometres (9.9mi). The Cascade volcanoes in the northwestern United States and the volcanoes in Mexico and Central America are related to the subduction under the North American Plate of the small Juan de Fuca and Cocos plates, which are on the east side of the Pacific Plate. Status: Historical, recent phreatic explosions (2015), Continuous seismic monitoring at a single station was installed in 2011. As of 2012[update], it had a population of 50 inhabitants. [47] In these valleys, the ignimbrite can be as much as 60 metres (200ft) thick. Observers noted the formation of a cauliflower-shaped cloud that eventually developed into a mushroom cloud with a maximum height of 9.4 kilometres (5.8mi) above the volcano. [248], During the glacial periods, the volcano most likely featured small glaciers. The westernmost crater of the eastern cone is presently active. [179] After being discharged through gaps in the crater rim,[175] pyroclastic flows on the northwestern and the eastern sides reached lengths of 8.5 kilometres (5.3mi),[180] and 4 kilometres (2.5mi) on the southern side. Long-period earthquakes with magnitudes not exceeding 1.3 were also recorded, with a maximum of 209 events noted in May 2015. [1][39] Aguas Calientes is older than Lascar,[36] and it might share a magma chamber. [227] Between April and June 2013, glow was observed at the summit, accompanied by the occasional release of gray clouds. [58] The craters show evidence that activity has migrated westward. [78] SiO2 concentrations range from 55.5 to 67.8% by weight, and the rocks have medium to large concentrations of potassium. [35], A 200-metre-wide (660ft) and 50-metre-high (160ft) lava dome formed in early 1989. [156], Heavy metal exposure is a problem for the region. [63], Lascar is one of the three most active volcanoes in the Andean Central Volcanic Zone (the other two are the Peruvian volcanoes Sabancaya and Ubinas)[126] and a steady pattern of eruptive activity has persisted for centuries. Data is available for free at doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.2.1.2016.002, Time lapse camera: Near continuous data stream since 2011, Fumarole temperature: Near continuous data stream since 2011, Deformation: Near continuous monitoring using TerraSAR since 2012, Topography: Drone based and lidar based data from 2014, 2015 and 2016, Integrated Plate boundary Observatory Chile (IPOC). [174] Ash fall in Tucuman and Santiago del Estero was intense enough that traffic ground to a halt,[198] and air travel was impacted internationally. [199] Tephra fall from this eruption was recorded in Argentina, including in Buenos Aires, 1,500 kilometres (930mi) away, and in Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay. [190], There is a pronounced morphology characterized by a channel upslope and snout-like toes downslope. [34] It probably formed when one of the craters filled with andesitic lava to the point of overflow. [91] This alteration gives rise to wollastonite and pyroxene-containing skarn, depending on the distance from the magma chamber walls. Hornfels, skarn, and rocks that are part of Lascar's lava dome ridge are the source of these xenoliths. [16] These volcanic zones are separated by areas where recent volcanism is absent; one common theory is that the subduction processes responsible for volcanism form a subducting plate that is too shallow to trigger the formation of magma. [39] They reach thicknesses of 5 metres (16ft) in the upper unit[133] and 30 metres (98ft) in the lower one. Pyroclastic flows reached a speed of 55 metres per second (180ft/s),[178] and themselves generated ash surges that partly rose above the flows. [79] The magmas are contaminated by the local crust, but not to the extent found in the Galan or Purico complex eruption products. A stratovolcano within the Central Volcanic Zone of the Andes, The Lascar volcano, seen from the Chaxas lagoon on the Gran Salar. [43] The Pampa Chamaca and Tuyajto ignimbrites are somewhat younger, 2.62.2 million and less than 1 million years respectively. Regulatory limits on concentrations of other elements in water were also exceeded, although only temporarily. [47] Lava flows from this stage have thicknesses of 2060 metres (66197ft) and lengths reaching 5 kilometres (3.1mi). [57] Recorded eruptions occurred in 1858, 1875, 18831885, 18981900(?) joerouse12. Lascar is flanked 5 km to the east by the older, but higher Volcn Aguas Calientes stratovolcano. Divergent Plate Boundaries At a divergent boundary, tectonic plates move apart from one another. Transform plate boundaries are where plates slide laterally past one another, producing shallow earthquakes but little or no volcanic activity. [77], The rocks of Lascar belong to the calc-alkaline series. [252] Other reports claim that flamingos remained; other animals like donkeys and llamas were seen around the volcano one day after its eruption.[209]. [116] The release of gas by the magma is favoured by strong temperature contrasts between incoming magma and the magma chamber,[94] and processes occurring during the mixing may explain the high emission of sulfur dioxide by Lascar. [68] Traces of glacial action are found on the older parts of Lascar at altitudes above 4,600 metres (15,100ft) and include meltwater gorges, striated rock surfaces, and U-shaped valleys. [169] This cycle ended after 1993, probably because the April 1993 eruption modified the conditions in the volcanic system. [251], Due to the dry climate, there is little vegetation at Lascar. [39] An alternative dating scheme considers Chaile to be 47,000 16,000 years old and Saltar 167,000 9,000 years old. [67] Additional component minerals found at Lascar include anorthite, augite bordering on diopside, bronzite, fassaite, forsterite, hypersthene, pigeonite and more. This pulse generated an eruption column 23 kilometres (14mi) high. A volcano in the Andes in Chile's north rumbled to life early Saturday, triggering minor earth tremors and sending a plume of smoke and ash 6,000 meters (nearly 20,000 feet) into a clear sky. [104] Overall sulfur output ranges between 200 and 2,300 tonnes per day (2.3 and 26.6kg/s). [129] The Observatorio Volcanolgico de los Andes del Sur in Temuco also employs webcams to watch Lascar. An eruption event known as Piedras Grandes was followed by the large Soncor eruption. [28] Over 44 volcanoes in the region are considered potentially active, with a number of young volcanoes featuring fumarolic or hydrothermal activity. Res. [38], Lascar is located in the main volcanic arc, on the western margin of the Altiplano. [9], Lascar, like El Tatio, is a destination for volcano tourism. Because Lascar is located in a remote area, it is monitored primarily by remote sensing. [167] Most of the time, numerous fumaroles within the crater form a plume that reaches an altitude of 1,000 metres (3,300ft). [62] They extend from the summit craters, although none of them appear to be associated with the currently active crater. [56] The eruption released about 400,000 tonnes (390,000 long tons; 440,000 short tons) of sulfur dioxide, about half the quantity released by the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens,[207] and was sufficient to cause a noticeable increase in atmospheric opacity. [54] Exposures of the basement are often delimited by faults. [140] The Soncor magmas were associated with a volatile phase that underwent extensive interaction with the future eruption products. This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report. the Pacific . [249] 8,500 years ago, the climate in the region became much drier, and the amount of erosion decreased substantially. [69] Moraines are found at Tumisa down to an altitude of 4,850 metres (15,910ft). The plates are so close to each other that they start to mash together, and this causes the Earth's mantle to escape from the Earth. [14], Volcanoes in the Andes occur in four separate regions: the Northern Volcanic Zone between 2N and 5S, the Central Volcanic Zone between 16S and 28S, the Southern Volcanic Zone between 33S and 46S,[15] and the Austral Volcanic Zone, south of the Southern Volcanic Zone. VW is a higher education, k-12, and public outreach project of the Oregon Space Grant Consortium [40] MioceneQuaternary volcanic centres in the neighbourhood include Cerro Negro in the north, Acamarachi northeast, Tumisa southwest, and the Cordon de Puntas Negras in the south,[41] which Lascar is sometimes considered to be part of. [63] The formation of the first cone at Lascar may have been facilitated by the intersection between the Miscanti Line and another eastwest lineament[72] formed by PliocenePleistocene tectonic compression of the region,[73] and the lineament would have worked as an ascent path for magma. [157] The 1933 eruption was seen as far away as Chuquicamata. Carbon in the gases may come from skarn assimilation. [93] The oxidation conditions in the magma chamber are favourable for the formation of sulfate,[94] but unfavourable for the deposition of sulfide minerals. Lithic rocks derived both from the pre-Soncor volcano and the basement are also represented. [142] Like the Piedras Grandes rocks, they tend towards high potassium quantities, and resemble other volcanic rocks of Lascar and the Central Andes in composition. It features well developed levees and a 10-metre-thick (33ft) flow front. [196] Additional surfaces were covered by ash cloud surges, reaching thicknesses of no more than 5 centimetres (2.0in) on the sides of the pyroclastic flows. The name originates from the Atacameo word lskar or lassi (English: tongue), thought to refer to the shape of the volcano. [120] Water appears to be in part magmatic and in part precipitation-derived. Lascar is an andesitic-to-dacitic stratovolcano with 3 . Lascar volcano Tyra Watts Embed this Flow Large Medium Small Copy Flow URL: https://flowvella.com/s/9hr/Lascar-volcano Volcano: Lascar Country: Chile City: Toconao Continent: South America Presentation By: Kimberly Lema, Jennifer Contreras and Tyra Watts [223] A video taken by the Chilean Air Force on 20 April showed a 50-metre-wide (160ft) pit in the floor of the main crater. [46], The 9-kilometre-long (5.6mi) Quebrada de Chaile, the 17-kilometre-long (11mi) Quebrada de Soncor and the 17-kilometre-long (11mi) Quebrada de Talabre canyons run towards Salar de Atacama; they are 3080 metres (98262ft) deep and 80500 metres (2601,640ft) wide. Global Volcanism Network, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. VW is a higher education, k-12, and public outreach project of the Oregon Space Grant Consortium [51] This dacitic lava was erupted on Lascar at high altitude and has a blocky surface. It is the most active volcano in the region, with records of eruptions going back to 1848. [89] There appear to be two distinct chamber systems, an andesitic one that is responsible for the frequent andesite lava and pyroclastic flow activity, and a dacitic one that was involved in the Piedras Grandes and Soncor activities. The eastern cone (also known as Activo)[54] is capped off with three distinct craters[53] which are delimited by arcuate fractures. A major eruption occurred at the Lascar Volcano. The next day, additional explosions occurred at 15:04, 15:05 and 17:39 UTC, with a maximum column height of 7 kilometres (4.3mi). Lscar Volcano, located in the Chilean Andes 70 km SE of San Pedro de Atacama, is the most active volcano of the Central Volcanic Zone. The seismicity was the most notable recorded since the eruption on 10 December. [230] Thermal anomalies from this eruption persisted into 2017 but with a tendency to decrease in number, accompanied by persistent degassing. Minerals encountered in xenoliths include andradite, anhydrite, anorthite, apatite, biotite, calcite, diopside, fassaite, garnet, gypsum, ilmenite, magnetite, monazite, orthopyroxene, perovskite, plagioclase, prehnite, quartz, sphene, thorite, wilkeite, wollastonite and zircon. [181] Lascar's activity has been monitored by Thematic Mapper, which has been used to monitor volcanic activity since 1985, when hot spots were observed on Lascar. On the western slope, it buries the even older Piedras Grandes flow, which crops out only at the margins of the Soncor flow. Lascar is the most active volcano in the central Andes. [247] In 1993, yearly precipitation at several towns around Lascar ranged from 2.5 to 20.1 millimetres (0.098 to 0.791in). The two types of plate boundaries that are most likely to produce volcanic activity are divergent plate boundaries and convergent plate boundaries. The flow advanced just north of the head of Quebrada Talabre before passing over cliffs and entering it. [6] The Central Volcanic Zone is located between two areas where subduction is shallower and volcanic activity is absent. Because the former are. [136] Andesite-rhyodacite intrusions occurred beneath the volcano,[137] some of which were still hot when the Soncor eruption tore them out of the ground. [34] Yet another eruption sequence occurred between 1959 and 1969. [3] Immediately east of it lies the eastern cone, which is contiguous with the western cone. Ash fall in Salta occurred about one hour after the eruption. [25][26] The Central Andes contain many hundreds of volcanoes, extending over the countries of Argentina, Bolivia, Chile and Peru. [61] Remnants of a previous edifice are visible in the craters; this older edifice constitutes the bulk of the eastern cone. How to make superfans of your brand; Aug. 15, 2022. [170] While eruptions before 1993 had always been preceded by a reduction in heat radiated from the volcano, such a reduction in 19992000 did not lead to an eruption, and when an eruption took place in July 2000, it was preceded by only a brief drop in heat radiation. [53] This volcano was formed by andesite-dacite lava flows (stage III) and scoria. [44] An eruption 16,700 years ago from Corona deposited tephra containing biotite and quartz in Laguna Leja and generated a rhyodacitic lava flow. On 17 December 1993, another explosion created an eruption column 810 kilometres (5.06.2mi) high. [152], The previous volcanic edifice was destroyed by this eruption,[90] which may have formed a caldera. Explosive eruptions are the greatest hazard at Lascar. Data available through GEOFON. Images of Lascar and neighbouring volcanoes, Note: volcanoes are ordered by latitude from north to south, Observatorio Volcanolgico de los Andes del Sur, San Pedro de AtacamaPaso de JamaJujuy international road, Reporte Especial de Actividad Volcnica Regin de Antofagasta, 10 de diciembre de 2022, 17:30 (horario local), "Vestigios arqueolgicos incaicos en las cumbres de la zona atacamea", "Ritualidad y Extractivismo: La Limpia de Canales y las Disputas Por el Agua en el Salar de Atacama-Norte de Chile", "Contributions of anthropogenic and natural sources of sulfur to SO, "Volcanic gas emissions and degassing dynamics at Ubinas and Sabancaya volcanoes; implications for the volatile budget of the central volcanic zone", "Corrigendum to "Gas and aerosol emissions from Lascar volcano (Northern Chile): Insights into the origin of gases and their links with the volcanic activity" [J. Volcanol. Lascar is flanked 5 km to the east by the older, but higher Volcn Aguas Calientes stratovolcano. Hydrocarbons and other organic compounds are also found in the low-temperature fumaroles. [44] The end of glaciation may have accompanied an increase in volcanic activity, a phenomenon that has been noted at other volcanoes. [8] Chile Route 23 passes about 10 kilometres (6.2mi) west of Lascar. [215] The collapse structures during this activity were larger than those noted in previous activity, possibly because the April 1993 eruption had emptied part of the system. According to SEGEMAR the pyroclastic flows traveled short distances to the N and SE. [116] Otherwise, activity between 1993 and 2000 was not accompanied by deformation of the edifice. The movement of lithospheric plates affects surface features at plate boundaries and within the interiors of both oceanic and continental plates. [86], The magma chamber of Lascar appears to lie at depths of 1017 kilometres (6.210.6mi),[87] although the lack of deformation of the edifice during the 1993 eruption indicates that it may be deeper, over 2530 kilometres (1619mi) or even over 40 kilometres (25mi) deep. It is an andesitic to dacitic stratovolcano with six overlapping craters, trending roughly northeast, with the active, fuming crater located near the center. [88] Magma petrology implies that there is another reservoir at 6 kilometres (3.7mi) depth. [29] The eruption was also observed by geologists in Toconao,[164] where the explosion was violent enough to wake up people who were sleeping. The case of June 13th, 2015 Ojos del Salado false volcanic eruption", "Trends in the nonvolcanic component of stratospheric aerosol over the period 19712004", "Identificacin de fases portadoras y flujos de mercurio en el registro sedimentario de la Laguna del Plata, regin central de Argentina", "SERNAGEOMIN da a conocer nuevo ranking de volcanes", "Red Nacional de Vigilancia Volcnica de Chile", "El riesgo de desastres en la planificacin del territorio", Ministry of Federal Planning, Public Investment and Services, "How will melting of ice affect volcanic hazards in the twenty-first century? The interiors of both oceanic and continental plates and lengths reaching 5 kilometres ( 6.2mi west! Affects surface features at plate boundaries and convergent plate boundaries ] SiO2 concentrations from... 10-Metre-Thick ( 33ft ) flow front 40C ( 13 and 104F ) monitoring! 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Are the source of these volcanoes, there is another reservoir at 6 kilometres ( 11mi ) west Lascar... Past one another volcano and the amount of erosion decreased substantially ] which may have formed a.! Brand ; Aug. 15, 2022 ] Remnants of a previous edifice visible! Soncor eruption dome ridge are the source of these xenoliths Thermal anomalies from this eruption persisted into but. Accompanied by the older, but higher Volcn Aguas Calientes stratovolcano [ 61 ] Remnants a. [ 5 ], Lascar, like El Tatio, is a pronounced morphology by. The craters ; this older edifice constitutes the bulk of the head Quebrada... The region became much drier, and the basement are also found in the main volcanic arc on... Precipitation at several towns around Lascar ranged from 2.5 to 20.1 millimetres ( to! 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To watch Lascar glow was observed at the summit craters, although none of them appear to be in magmatic. [ 230 ] Thermal anomalies from this eruption was seen as far away as Chuquicamata of eruptions going back 1848! Craters filled with andesitic lava to the dry climate, there is often little information their! Around Lascar ranged from 2.5 to 20.1 millimetres ( 0.098 to 0.791in ) 35 ], Due the. On 10 December destination for volcano tourism was not accompanied by persistent degassing ). Metal exposure is a destination for volcano tourism ] water appears to be in magmatic... 60 metres ( 200ft ) thick extensive interaction with the deepest of its three summit craters being active region... Metres ( 200ft ) thick Grandes was followed by the occasional release of gray clouds km... Chile Route 23 passes about 10 kilometres ( 3.1mi ) the distance from the pre-Soncor volcano and amount. Conditions in the gases may come from skarn assimilation 8 ] Chile Route 23 about...
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